Articles

Gain deeper insight with articles that give our considered opinion and predictions of where the industry will go next.

FATCA Failures: Holistic compliance or just full of holes?

In the last eighteen months we’ve conducted compliance reviews in five countries on twelve Tier 2 and Tier 3 financial institutions. In this post, we unpick the strategies we have seen firms use to approach their QI and FATCA obligations, and highlight the problems we have observed when firms fail to take a holistic approach to compliance.

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Your ‘Bible’ to Compliance

The road to compliance is never ending and the IRS have certainly given us some interesting scenery to admire as we traverse the QI regulatory landscape.

In this post we discuss the importance of a living compliance program, and highlight some of the IRS announcements that need to be reflected in your policies and procedures if you want to remain fully compliant.

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Validating W-8 Forms: Cultivating an Eye for Detail

We are often asked what constitutes a consequential or an inconsequential error when validating a W-8 form. Some errors are obviously consequential, but what happens if an error appears relatively trivial, such as an incorrect date format? In this post, we explore how you can assess the risks involved and make a judgement about whether to reject or validate a W-8 form.

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I speak English, French and FATCA

Acronyms have two main uses: to facilitate efficient communication between professionals within a given discipline where the long form of technical terms would be unwieldy, and to create a barrier to communication - a secret language that you can only understand if you are within the profession. In this post, Ross McGill gives a quick guide to the acronyms of FATCA.

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GATCA: A Practical Guide to Global Anti-Tax Evasion Frameworks

TConsult's subject matter experts Ross McGill, Chris Haye and Stuart Lipo have written a new book providing a practical guide to global anti-tax evasion frameworks. In this post, Stuart describes the context for the book...

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Are FATCA’s Dissenters Tilting at Windmills?

Like Don Quixote, FATCA’s dissenters may have misidentified their enemy. So what is the problem with FATCA and what might happen if the anti-FATCA movement succeed in getting it repealed?

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The Challenges of GATCA

The global anti-tax evasion frameworks that comprise GATCA have as many commonalities as they have differences, so it makes sense to approach regulatory compliance in a holistic fashion.

In this post, we explore how smaller firms are responding to the pressures of compliance...

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FATCA Misconceptions

For some within the industry, the mere mention of ‘FATCA’ is enough to spark compliance-nightmare flashbacks.

The ever unpopular FATCA regulations have now been with us for seven years. But, despite its relative longevity, there are a surprising number of misconceptions surrounding FATCA....

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Will AEoI be the new Equifax?

What are the data security risks associated with the AEoI framework? In this post, Ross McGill explores some of the risks and issues a stark warning to the financial services industry.

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  • Maltese flag

    The Problem For Maltese Residents Investing In The US

    According to the IRS QI List, recently published, there are 17 Qualified Intermediaries (QIs) in Malta, mainly comprising of the […]Read more

  • The Challenge of Client Onboarding: Integrating KYC & Tax Documentation

    Welcome to a very special post! A few weeks ago, TConsult chairman Ross had the opportunity to speak with Remonda […]Read more

  • Understanding Your Obligations Under CRS

    CRS, or the Common Reporting Standard, is a key part of the OECD’s Automatic Exchange of Information Framework, otherwise known […]Read more

  • Things To Do In August – Your Tax Checklist

    In the Northern Hemisphere, August is most commonly known as ‘summer holidays’. Many of us are going on vacation, enjoying […]Read more

  • 八月要做的事 – 您的稅務清單

    在北半球,八月通常被稱為「暑假」。我們許多人都會去度假、享受陽光和充分的休息。但南半球的人則處於冬季之中,仍然非常忙碌。可悲的是,度假並不代表法規也會讓您放假 – 期限就是期限,如果您因為員工放假而錯過截止日,那麼您將無法獲得任何幫助。 因此,如果您想保持領先,以下是您在八月份需要做的事情。 準備您的美國報稅表 信不信由您,現在是時候開始準備1042表單的美國報稅表了。大多數QI和NQI早在一月或二月就已申請展延,這表示您的展延截止日期將會在9月14日。但等到最後一分鐘才準備妥當,絕對不是一個好主意。 您的1042表將需要與您自己所有的1042-S和您提交的任何修訂,還有您從交易對手收到的上游1042-S的總和進行比對。如果您是非預扣式QI,您不需要填寫方格1-59,這可以讓您鬆口氣!相對地,您只需要將總數填入方格59和60。但如果您是預扣式QI,則需要填寫方格1-59。但請記住,每個方格中的金額應與納稅義務期間相符,而不一定與您向美國財政部繳納時的時間相符。 別擔心,這並不像聽起來那麼可怕!感謝新成立的合格與授權中介機構協會(Association of Qualified and Authorised Intermediaries, AQAI)的努力,您今年的1042表不需要電子化。它仍然可以用紙本來完成 – 您只需要確保您得到正確的地址,並且非常確定您以掛號方式寄送。如果IRS說他們沒有收到(這已經發生過好幾次),您就需要能夠證明寄送的情況以避免問題。這可能而且確實讓不少公司陷入困境。 我們最近遇到一家微型QI公司,他們無法證明自己寄出1042表單。IRS拒絕收件,然後又拒絕了他們定期審查豁免的請求。所以現在他們有6個月的時間完成定期審查並做認證。這都是因為他們沒有郵資證明!這是一個如此簡單的錯誤,但對於微型QI來說,成本加起來很容易就超過他們徵收的稅款。 還有一點關於1042報稅表的注意事項。如果有人幫您準備1042,而且他們已獲得報酬,那麼他們將需要有IRS核發的PTIN,而且必須顯示在1042表第一頁的下方。 準備W-8更新 您需要做的另一件大事是開始計劃更新所有到期的W-8。大多數公司都知道,這些表格的有效期為三年,從簽署的那年年底算起。這表示所有在2021年簽署的W-8將於2024年12月31日到期。如果您像許多公司一樣,使用這些W-8來收集FATCA狀態和租稅協定優惠申請,那麼更新程序就非常重要,並可能佔用大量資源。尤其是,如果W-8申報了協定優惠,而客戶沒有續期,您就需要將他們的稅率從較低的協定稅率變更為法定的30%。對於QI而言,這需要將他們的資產轉入不同的稅率池帳戶,這對您來說並不理想。您的客戶可能也會相當不高興!因此,如果您打算在9月進行更新,您最好在8月之前就制定好計劃。 […]Read more

  • 誰想成為責任長官?

    究竟什麼是責任長官? 線索其實就在名稱裡。是公司的「長官」(通常是董事),且他們必須「負責」。 當然,這不能說明什麼,不是嗎? 當談到FATCA和QI法規時,QI和FFI協議已清楚界定這些人員的職責,法規本身也有直接引用。 重要的是要記住這不是遊戲。這些都是具有法律約束力的合約義務,貴公司必須對其負責,而您作為指定的責任長官(Responsible Officer,簡稱RO),是貴公司指定代表公司承擔這些義務的人。 這兩個框架也是反逃稅法規的一部份,所以您不能將這些推給下一層人員。QI和FFI協議規定公司有義務指派RO,這些協議也定義了應報告的違規事項,根據我們的經驗,這些事項通常是重大缺失和違約事件。所以問題來了,您是擔任這個角色的適當人選嗎?   授權(authority)的重要性 令人驚訝的是,許多金融公司並未掌握責任長官這個職位的重要性,而更令人驚訝的是,我們遇過的許多責任長官實際上並不符合責任的標準。因此,讓我們來回顧一下。 責任長官的標準被描述為擁有「足夠權限」執行組織合約條款的人。這不能委託給其他人的另一個原因,也是為什麼責任長官通常是董事,或至少是部門主管。但這裡有一個問題,那就是大多數金融公司在某種程度上都是各自為政。他們的管理結構只會在組織的最高層會面,說得直白一點,最高層的人可能知道大局,但他們對營運層面上發生的事情知之甚少。執行層級的人員也是各自為政,這意味著他們通常知道自己部門發生了什麼事,但可能不瞭解為什麼要求他們做某事,而且對具體的QI或FATCA法規知之甚少或完全不瞭解。他們對企業其他地方的情況也了解有限,當然也沒有權限! IRS對此的解決方案不是根本解決問題 – 而是在合約中讓責任長官承擔責任。 例如,在QI合約中,營運週期包含4個部份: 記錄帳戶持有人 – 這影響到客戶開戶、年度帳戶審查和KYC。 預扣稅款 – […]Read more

  • Who Would Want To Be A Responsible Officer?

    What Is A Responsible Officer Anyway? The clue really is in the name. It’s an ‘officer’ of the company (typically […]Read more

  • What Is A Double Tax Treaty?

    What Is A Double Tax Treaty? A double tax treaty – also known as DDT, or a double tax agreement […]Read more

  • 什麼是雙重課稅協定?

    雙重課稅協定(double tax treaty) – 也稱為DDT 雙重課稅協議 (double tax agreement,簡稱DTA),是兩個國家(或政府)之間的協議,以避免在相同的期間內,在兩個國家對相同的納稅人,就相同的課稅事項,徵收相類似的稅收。 雙重課稅協定的目的有三項: 在兩個國家對相同收入徵稅的情況下,防止雙重課稅的風險。 為跨境貿易和投資提供確定或特殊待遇。 防止超額的外國稅收和對抗海外商業利益不平等待遇的其他形式。 在沒有雙重課稅協定的情況下,跨境分配的收入將同時被產生和分配的國家課徵稅收,以及被投資者居住的國家視為所得課稅。因此,舉例來說,英國個人投資於雀巢股票(雀巢是一家瑞士上市公司),將被瑞士當局徵收35%的稅款。他們也必須透過英國報稅申報該收入並繳稅。在這個情境下,同一筆款項會被徵收兩次稅,這對於個人投資來說顯然是不公平的。 雙重課稅協定實際上有什麼作用? 一般而言,兩個國家會簽訂避免雙重課稅協定,說明雙方如何避免雙重課稅。不同國家之間的細節可能有所不同,但一般情況下,投資國(以瑞士為例)會先徵稅,而投資者居住的國家(以英國為例)則會將瑞士已預扣的稅款計算在內。 在雙重課稅協定中,將有一套「條款」說明不同類型的收入,以及政府希望如何處理每種類型的收入。這通常包括投資和其他收入,例如: 股息 利息 權利金 […]Read more

  • CRS

    Common Reporting Standard (CRS) Reporting and Due Diligence (CDD) in Taiwan and Hong Kong: Common Deficiencies and Issues

    To align with international standards for tax transparency and deter taxpayers from engaging in international tax evasion, Taiwan began implementing […]Read more