Articles

Gain deeper insight with articles that give our considered opinion and predictions of where the industry will go next.

Benefits of Being a US Qualified Intermediary: Malta Stock Exchange

TConsult is delighted to announce that we have been invited to present a training course for the Malta Stock Exchange, where we will be delivering a two hour presentation discussing the benefits of being a US qualified intermediary at 9am on Monday 21st January 2019.

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Nationality, domicile, residency, citizenship and beneficial ownership

We often find that linguistic issues can cause problems for firms looking to establish the correct withholding rate for their clients. In particular, we have seen the distinctions between nationality, citizenship, domicile, residency and beneficial ownership cause a degree of avoidable consternation. In this post, we present a quick reference guide.

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CorpActions2018 (London)

TConsult's chairman, Ross McGill, will be appearing as a panelist at CorpActions2018 in London on Wednesday 3rd October alongside Mariano Giralt from BNY Mellon and Paola Deantoni from SG Securities Services to discuss tax and reporting, including inefficient withholding tax collection procedures, communication flow issues across cross-border capital markets, tax evasion regulation, where the responsibility for failures lies, and entitlements.

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Tax Congress for Financial Institutions (London)

TConsult's chairman, Ross McGill, will be appearing as a panelist at the Tax Congress for Financial Institutions in London on Wednesday 19th September alongside Peter Grant from KPMG and Kevin Custis from Rathbones to discuss KYC, AML, Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion in the Digital Age.

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FATCA Failures: Holistic compliance or just full of holes?

In the last eighteen months we’ve conducted compliance reviews in five countries on twelve Tier 2 and Tier 3 financial institutions. In this post, we unpick the strategies we have seen firms use to approach their QI and FATCA obligations, and highlight the problems we have observed when firms fail to take a holistic approach to compliance.

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Your ‘Bible’ to Compliance

The road to compliance is never ending and the IRS have certainly given us some interesting scenery to admire as we traverse the QI regulatory landscape.

In this post we discuss the importance of a living compliance program, and highlight some of the IRS announcements that need to be reflected in your policies and procedures if you want to remain fully compliant.

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Validating W-8 Forms: Cultivating an Eye for Detail

We are often asked what constitutes a consequential or an inconsequential error when validating a W-8 form. Some errors are obviously consequential, but what happens if an error appears relatively trivial, such as an incorrect date format? In this post, we explore how you can assess the risks involved and make a judgement about whether to reject or validate a W-8 form.

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I speak English, French and FATCA

Acronyms have two main uses: to facilitate efficient communication between professionals within a given discipline where the long form of technical terms would be unwieldy, and to create a barrier to communication - a secret language that you can only understand if you are within the profession. In this post, Ross McGill gives a quick guide to the acronyms of FATCA.

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GATCA: A Practical Guide to Global Anti-Tax Evasion Frameworks

TConsult's subject matter experts Ross McGill, Chris Haye and Stuart Lipo have written a new book providing a practical guide to global anti-tax evasion frameworks. In this post, Stuart describes the context for the book...

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  • There Might Be A Problem With Your TCC – And You Need To Act Now

    Now that we’ve all relaxed after the IRS notification that electronic filings of US tax returns (Form 1042) have been […]Read more

  • 定期審查認證–入門指南

    在我上一篇關於定期審查的文章之後,一些人詢問了有關向IRS提交的認證類型的問題–正是定期審查的結果。在上一篇文章中,我解釋了QI的責任長官必須如何透過獨立顧問(或具有QI稱職能力的內部審計員)進行定期審查,以對其遵守QI協議的情況進行適當監督。所有這些都是QI協議中規定的控制、監管和執行制度的一部份。 每一個QI協議週期為6年,分為兩個「認證期」,每個認證期為3年。每個認證期定義了3年的時間區間,責任長官將選擇其中一年進行定期審查。審查完成後,責任長官需要添加他們所掌握的有關公司合規性的任何資訊。這包含教育訓練記錄、系統審計和業務變更管理程序等–這些都不包括在定期審查中。屆時,您可以決定需要提交哪種類型的認證。 兩種類型的認證 一旦定期審查完成後,您需要向IRS提交一份認證。您可以提交兩種類型的認證: 有效控制認證:這是有效控制的完整認證。它本質上是說「這裡沒有任何問題!」並且所有內容都已經過審查並發現一切正常。 合格認證:如果審查員發現您的組織內存在尚未修復的重大缺失或違約事件,那麼您就需要提交合格認證。我稍後會解釋這兩者的含義。 這兩項認證都是通過IRS QAAMs網站提交和處理。當您提交報告時,您將在方框內打勾,證明您遵守了QI協議的特定部份。 提交事實資訊 在提交認證的同時,您還需要上傳「事實資訊」。這是責任長官必須收集並向IRS報告的一組詳細資料。一旦您收到定期審查報告,他們就需要這樣做,並找出兩種特定類型的問題–重大缺失和違約事件。 這樣做的目的是,如果QI確實採取了有效的控制措施(他們也應該這樣做),那麼他們就會在審查員拿到資料之前發現任何問題並加以解決。雖然完美的合規是理想目標,但我們都是人,都會犯錯。IRS也體認到這一點,機構時常會出現問題。認證期間和定期審查的目的是獨立確保責任長官確實實施了有效的控制措施。 重大缺失與違約事件 在事實資訊報告中,您將需要納入任何重大缺失和違約事件。但只有在定期審查前尚未修復的情況下,它們才會對您提交的認證類型產生影響。因此,如果審查員發現或您向他們揭露了尚未修復的重大缺失或違約事件,那麼您就必須提交「合格認證」。這實質上是告訴IRS您沒有有效的控制措施妥善管理您的合約義務。這可不是什麼好消息。 重大缺失和違約事件都是QI協議中定義的術語。您可能很久沒有讀過這份合約了,所以我們給您一個提示–關於重大缺失,請參閱第10.03(B)條;如果您想梳理其中的內容,請參閱第11.06(A)-(S)條。我們希望每個QI都能在其書面QI合規計劃中納入保護性控制措施(這也是QI協議第10.01條中的規定)。這就回答了「我如何確認這個缺失不會發生,如果發生了,我如何知道?」的問題。 同樣重要的是,重大缺失的定義僅限於「QI的員工或長官為避免或規避QI協議中的義務而蓄意採取的行為」。在大多數情況下,這是一個相當高的標準–責任長官除外,因為他們應該對協議瞭若指掌。 如果您提交合格認證會發生什麼事? 如果您確實需要提交合格認證,您需要向IRS提供一份補救計劃,詳細說明您將如何以及何時解決問題,同時提供一份您作為責任長官將解決問題的證明。 IRS將審查您的計劃,並且他們可能會立即同意您的計劃。他們可能會提出修改建議,甚至要求您制定不同的計劃。或者,他們可能會堅持對您的補救措施進行一些監管。顯然,IRS希望每個人都能遵守規定,如果您願意糾正問題,IRS會與您合作。但要注意。曾有QIs因不合規而被取消QI資格的案例,這通常是在定期審查和QI認證過程中發現的。 這裡的課題很簡單。透過定期審查提交的認證非常重要,並且可能對貴公司在美國監管機關的地位產生重大影響。這就是為什麼瞭解該系統如何運作,並檢查您的合規計劃實際上是否與您希望的一樣好是如此重要。 在TConsult,我們支援金融機構的法令遵循與合規性,包括QIs。我們可以作為獨立審查員進行定期審查、提交認證,並根據我們對法規的詳細瞭解提供指導和意見。如果您在定期審查或認證方面遇到困難並希望獲得支援,請聯繫我們,我們的專家將很樂意為您提供協助。Read more

  • Periodic Review Certifications – A Beginners Guide

    After my last article about periodic reviews, a few people asked questions about the types of certifications submitted to the […]Read more

  • Periodic Reviews – Essential Oversight for QIs

    I just know that a lot of you groaned and put your heads in your hands when you read that […]Read more

  • 定期審查-對QI不可或缺的監管

    我只知道,當您們看到這個標題時,很多人都會痛苦呻吟,並將頭埋入手中。我每天都在和QIs打交道,他們告訴我定期審查是一件多麼令人頭疼的事情,要做好又是多麼具有挑戰性。我想,有不少人都希望不要再處理這些了! 但不管您是否喜歡,如果您在一家涉足美國資本市場的金融機構工作,那麼您的公司完全有可能與美國國稅局簽訂協議,成為QI或稱合格中介機構。這意味著您必須進行定期審查。 QIs與您們的義務 如果您是一家QI,您將簽署一份QI協議。這份長達205頁的文件概述了您作為QI的所有義務,以及美國稅收法第3章和第4章規定的監管義務。以防您實際上沒有閱讀該文件的全部內容,其中大部份義務都與稅務業務、記錄客戶、預扣稅款並向美國財政部繳納稅款以及向美國國稅局報告有關。 然而,合約中還有一個治理部分。許多公司要麼認為這部份並不重要,要麼沒有足夠重視,而這可能會成為他們的禍根。因此,為了讓大家更好地理解,QI協議中的監管內容有: 控制 監管 執行 涵蓋的內容很多,所以今天我們只談第二點–監管。 如果您簽署了一份長達205頁的合約,您就會希望合約中會有一些條款,規定您如何確保簽約方履行他們的義務–以及他們如何知道您履行了您的義務。IRS是使用QI每三年必須進行一次認證的系統來實現這一點。由於QI合約為期6年,因此每個QI在合約期內需要進行兩次認證。每次認證之前都會進行定期審查。 誰進行定期審查? 安排定期審查是責任長官(Responsible Officer)的工作之一。這是您機構中負責監督QI流程的人員,也是身為QI必須履行的控制義務。由於QI義務非常廣泛且複雜,責任長官在做出任何認證之前必須做兩件事: 簽訂合約並監督定期審查 確保您(QI)擁有有效的內部控制 這代表他們必須指派專業人員進行定期審查。IRS對於誰可以進行定期審查有兩項規定。 審查人員必須獨立:QI協議規定,審查人員必須有足夠的獨立性來進行審查,不能審查自己的工作或同一「公司」內其他任何人的工作。因此,如果您讓顧問幫助您進行QI申請或合規計劃,那麼IRS認為他們不是獨立的,不能擔任您的審查人員。我們經常使用我們的Tax Compliance Toolkit平台進行定期審查。 審查人員必須稱職:審查人員需要對QI的帳戶進行測試,以確保他們正確記錄客戶,並確保文檔是有效的、正確地預扣稅款並在FATCA和QI中正確地申報。大多數金融機構的內部審計團隊都很難做到這一點,因為他們往往沒有足夠的美國預扣稅合規知識或經驗。因此,大多數QI需要使用外部審計人員(auditor)或第三方顧問(例如我們)。 […]Read more

  • 1042-S Reporting – A 9-Month Activity You’re Already Behind On

    It’s that time of year again – US 1042-S reporting season! It’s a financial institution’s worst nightmare, and many aren’t […]Read more

  • Muinmos and TConsult ink deal over digital investor tax self-declarations

    Muinmos and TConsult have signed an agreement to integrate TConsult’s Investor Self-Declaration platform (ISD) into Muinmos’ Client Onboarding Platform, enabling Muinmos’ clients, typically financial institutions, to automatically obtain ISDs instead of using multiple paper tax certification forms to document the tax status of their clients.Read more

  • Training: The QI’s Achilles’ Heel

    Training is an essential component of your obligations as a QI. In this article we explore what the QI Agreement says about training and how we can help you to deliver cost-effective training to everyone in your firm with a role in QI compliance.Read more

  • Announcing the Tax Compliance Toolkit Training Academy

    We are delighted to officially announce the launch of the Tax Compliance Toolkit Training Academy with our debut course: QI Essentials. This course provides a foundation level understanding of the U.S. qualified intermediary regime and the role you play in helping your firm to be compliant with the terms of the QI Agreement. Find out how you can access the training...Read more

  • Argentina becomes latest jurisdiction to sign an IGA with the USA

    The latest FATCA news is that Argentina has signed a Model 1A IGA with the US. We consider what this means for Argentine financial institutions.Read more